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July 31 Ce que dévoilent "l'affaire Siné" et les sondagesCe que dévoile "l'affaire Siné", par Yvan Rioufol "Les pétitionnaires sont de retour. Mais ce qu’ils suggèrent, dans leur soutien à Siné, n’est guère ragoûtant. Non seulement ils défendent des écrits antisémites du "vieil anar" (qui lui valent d’avoir été viré de Charlie-Hebdo par Philippe Val, le directeur), mais certains en viennent à reprocher plus précisemment, dans une fausse symétrie, les critiques qui peuvent être formulées sur l’islam. Quand ils font un parallèle entre le sort du polémiste et celui des caricaturistes danois qui s’en étaient pris à Mahomet, ils exploitent sciemment une confusion. Il n’y a, en effet, aucun racisme dans la critique d’une religion ou d’une idéologie. En revanche, il y a de l’antisémitisme dans l'amalgame entre le juif, l’argent, le pouvoir. Ce que fait Siné quand il écrit, notamment : "Jean Sarkozy vient de déclarer vouloir se convertir au judaïsme avant d’épouser sa fiancée juive et héritière des fondateurs de Darty. Il fera son chemin dans la vie, ce petit".
Cet antisémitisme bonasse vient de loin. Quand Montesquieu, dans ses Lettres persanes, fait dire à Usbeck : "Sache que partout où il y a de l’argent, il y a des juifs", il ouvre la voie à "La France juive" d’Edouard Drumont (1886) et à cet antisémitisme bourgeois-bon teint qui débouchera sur Vichy. Mais c’est, peu ou prou, un même ressort, davantage dissimulé, qui anime aujourd’hui les discours altermondialistes dénonçant la "marchandisation" du monde, la société du profit, le capitalisme, le sionisme. Dans son apologie de "l’islam révolutionnaire", écrit en 2003 (Editions du Rocher), le terroriste uruguayen Carlos, marxiste converti à l’islam, ami de Chavez et de Bouteflika, fait l’éloge de ce qu’il appelle alors les "mouvements anti-globalisation", qu’il voit en alliés de sa nouvelle cause djihadiste. . C’est dans ce contexte plus général qu’il faut aussi, je crois, replacer cette affaire, moins anodine qu’il n’y paraît au premier coup d’œil. Certes, on peut soutenir que le vieux Siné n’a pas mesuré ses propos et qu’il n’est pas, pas lui, antisémite. Cependant, il a refusé de revenir sur ses écrits et de dissiper ce qui aurait été alors une maladresse. Aussi, l’empressement des pétitionnaires à lui venir en aide et à dénoncer "le tribunal de l’inquisition et ses juges inamovibles" (dont, curieusement, je ferais partie à en croire le Monde diplomatique) participe d’un vent mauvais visant à banaliser les considérations antisémites et à rendre suspect la libre critique des idéologies; singulièrement de l’idéologie islamiste et ses liens avec le terrorisme, comme vient d’ailleurs de le rappeler Barack Obama."
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L'image ci-dessus illustre l'"antisémitisme bonasse" auquel l'auteur fait référence:
July 27 Mother, Eight Children Rescued From Muslim Quarter
July 26 Recommended movieI watched a movie called ARRANGED. It is a touching and sensitive fictional portrait of two young women teachers
at a Brooklyn school, one an Orthodox Jew and one a devout Moslem. The story revolves around how they become friends, and about their families trying to arrange marriages for both young women. It is simply beautiful and will very likely bring a smile to your face. July 25 L'arroseur arroséD’après une information du journal londonien, Daily Telegraph, une forte explosion a eu lieu le 19 juillet dernier dans une banlieue de Téhéran contre un convoi militaire qui devait transporter des armes afin de les fournir au Hezbollah. Au moins 15 personnes ont été tuées dans l'explosion. D’après le quotidien, les Gardiens de la Révolution iranienne ont interdit la diffusion de cette information dans les médias et ont lancé une enquête sur l'incident. Les gardiens de la révolution enquêtent sur d’autres explosions de ce genre. Une explosion a secoué une mosquée dans la ville de Chiraz, où les armes étaient stockées, tuant 11 personnes.
Report: Convoy shipping arms to Hizbullah destroyed in Tehran blast (Yedioth Aharonot) July 22 Lectures psychanalytiques de la Bible
Bernard-Henri Levy : «Je ne pense pas qu'on en ait "trop fait" sur cette affaire Siné »Bernard-Henri Levy revient dans Le Monde sur l’affaire Siné, dont il déplore la transformation en affaire Val. Selon lui, « la blogosphère, puis la presse, au lieu de pointer, analyser, stigmatiser, le dérapage du premier ne s'intéressent plus, soudain, qu'aux "vraies" raisons, forcément cachées, nécessairement obscures et douteuses, qui ont bien pu pousser le second, voltairien notoire, apôtre déclaré de la liberté de critique et de pensée, défenseur en particulier des caricaturistes de Mahomet, à réagir, cette fois, en censeur offusqué. »
Le philosophe poursuit en précisant que « la question n'est pas de savoir si tel ou tel - en l'occurrence Siné - "est" ou "n'est pas" antisémite. Et l'on se moque bien des brevets de moralité que croient bon de lui octroyer ceux qui, comme jadis pour Dieudonné ou, plus tôt encore, pour Le Pen, disent le connaître "de longue date" et savoir "de source sûre" que l'antisémitisme lui est étranger. Ce qui compte ce sont les mots. Et ce qui compte, au-delà des mots, c'est l'histoire, la mémoire, l'imaginaire qu'ils véhiculent et qui les hantent. Derrière ces mots-là, une oreille française ne pouvait pas ne pas entendre l'écho de l'antisémitisme le plus rance. ».
Bernard-Henri Levy, après avoir rappelé que l’antisémitisme, tout comme le racisme, est un délit qui ne souffre ni circonstances atténuantes ni excuses, précise qu’ « il y a une excuse au moins qui, depuis l'affaire Dreyfus, semble marcher à tous les coups et instaurer une sorte de clause de la haine la mieux autorisée. C'est celle qui consiste à dire : non à l'antisémitisme, sauf s'il s'agit d'un grand bourgeois, officier supérieur de l'armée française. Ou : non à l'antisémitisme sauf si l'enjeu est un symbole du Grand Capital, un banquier juif, un ploutocrate, un Rothschild. Ou : sus à l'antisémitisme, cette peste des âges anciens que le progressisme a terrassé - sauf s'il peut se parer des habits neufs d'un antisarkozysme qui, lui non plus, ne fait pas de détail et ne recule devant rien pour l'emporter. (…) Et ainsi pensent aujourd'hui, non seulement les "amis" de Siné pétitionnant à tour de bras en sa faveur, mais tous ceux qui, sous prétexte que le Rastignac qu'il avait en ligne de mire était le propre fils du Président honni, sont comme tétanisés et interdits d'indignation. »
En réalité, le philosophe se demande si « cette volonté de rire de tout et de tous, tranquillement, sans entrave, exprimait juste la nostalgie du bon temps de la blague à l'ancienne, bien grasse, bien salace, quand personne ne venait vous chercher noise si l'envie vous prenait de vous lâcher contre les "ratons", les "youpins", les "pédés", les femmes ? Et si les temps, précisément, avaient changé et qu'il appartenait aux humoristes, non moins qu'aux écrivains, aux artistes, de prendre acte de ce changement en admettant qu'on ne rit plus aujourd'hui, ni tout à fait des mêmes choses, ni tout à fait de la même manière, qu'au temps des années 1930 ou 1950 ? ».
Par ailleurs, une pétition de « soutien inconditionnel à Siné », exclu de Charlie Hebdo après une chronique jugée antisémite, mobilise 2000 signatures, dont celle d’Alain Krivine, selon Libération. La pétition, prenant fait et cause pour la « grande gueule » du dessinateur Siné, reproche au directeur du journal, Philippe Val de « s’être couché devant Jean Sarkozy ». July 21 Office religieux partout en France ce mardi
CEREMONIE DE SHIVA EN HOMMAGE AUX DEUX SOLDATS ASSASSINES EHUD GOLDWASSER ET ELDAD REGEV
en hommage aux deux soldats israéliens assassinés
July 20 Mossad, DGSE et CIA pour Ingrid !!(AFP) - Le Mossad, service des renseignements extérieurs israéliens, a aidé à la libération de la Franco-Colombienne Ingrid Betancourt, selon le journal espagnol La Vanguardia de dimanche, qui assure que les services secrets français et américains y ont également participé. "Le Mossad et les services secrets des Etats-Unis et de la France ont travaillé pendant plus d'un an avec les autorités colombiennes pour élaborer le plan" qui a permis la libération de Mme Betancourt et de 14 autres otages, selon la Vanguardia, qui se base sur "une source des services secrets israéliens". Quinze otages retenus par les Forces armées révolutionnaires de Colombie (Farc), dont Mme Betancourt, ont été libérés le 2 juillet lors d'une opération de l'armée colombienne. Israël, la France et les Etats-Unis y ont participé pour diverses raisons, selon la Vanguardia: la France à cause de la présence de Mme Betancourt, les Etats-Unis, de trois otages américains et Israël pour conserver de bonnes relations bilatérales avec la Colombie et les Etats-Unis. Pour cette opération, deux personnes, qui ne se connaissaient pas, ont été préparées séparément pour infiltrer les Farc, selon l'article signé par un envoyé spécial de La Vanguardia à Tel-Aviv. Les deux sont parvenues à infiltrer la guérilla et ont créé "une réalité qui correspondait parfaitement à l'environnement" des Farc, mais "qui n'était pas réelle", de manière à ce que "les services secrets ont fini par contrôler ce que savaient ou ne devaient pas savoir les Farc", poursuit le journal catalan. Parallèlement, les services secrets israéliens et américains appliquaient des "tactiques de guerre électronique contre les Farc", avec des avions espions sans pilote survolant les zones de forêt signalées par les infiltrés. Des images satellites ont été remises aux experts pour permettre de découvrir les camps des otages, poursuit la Vanguardia. July 17 Israel low on American Jewry's list
American Jewish community concerned with many issues on eve of 2008 election, but Israel is apparently low on this list. More popular issues include medical insurance, environmental concerns; most Jews also in favor of ceding Golan
Yitzhak Benhorin
WASHINGTON – Environmental concerns before Israel? Jews in the United States have traditionally taken the role of Israel’s number one backer in Washington, but a new survey published Wednesday shows otherwise: Israel is just seventh on the list of American Jews' concerns on the eve of the US presidential elections, far below other matters such as medical insurance and environmental issues.
The survey’s data indicates that economic concerns are first on the list for US Jews, as 65% of them rated it first on their priority list. Next on the list is the issue of Iraq, which has been occupying the minds of the American public, Jews included. About 21% of the Jewish community members rated medical insurance third, and a similar percentage placed terror and national security at the top of their list.
The subject of energy took fifth place, with 15% ranking it at first place, followed by a 12% rating for environmental concerns. Surprisingly, only 8% of the Jews see Israel as the most important topic of the presidential election’s agenda, a rating similar to matters such as illegal immigration (8%), security and health insurance for the elderly (7%), taxes, separation between religion and state (6%), and education.
Some 61% of those polled stated that President George W. Bush is not the greatest ally Israel has had at the White House, while 39% believe the Israeli-American alliance is a strong one. Some 55% believe the US has a basic interest in Middle East peace, and 78% said they support diplomatic mediation to achieve peace between Israel and the Palestinians.
As far as the American Jewry’s opinion on the Mideast situation, 76% of the Jews support the implementation of the compromises presented by former US President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit. Some 58% support a full withdrawal from the Golan Heights for comprehensive peace, while 59% stated they were against pulling out of most of the West Bank territories. Le combat des femmes juives pour le Guet
Le Roi Abdallah d’Arabie Saoudite serre la main de rabbinsLors d'une conférence interreligieuse à Madrid, le souverain saoudien a accepté mercredi 16 juillet de serrer la main à des rabbins. C'est une première, note le Figaro. Lors de ce forum de trois jours parrainé par Riyad et auquel assistaient le roi d'Espagne, Juan Carlos, et l'ancien Premier ministre britannique Tony Blair, le monarque saoudien a appelé à la tolérance et à l'approfondissement du dialogue entre les grandes religions, devant des dignitaires juifs, musulmans, chrétiens et bouddhistes. Il nous faut «vaincre l'extrémisme et le fanatisme, que notre dialogue soit un appui à la foi, un soutien à la paix, une aide à la fraternité face au racisme», a affirmé Abdallah.
Parmi les deux cents invités, on pouvait voir le cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, représentant du pape Benoît XVI, et le grand rabbin de France, Gilles Bernheim.
Le déchirement des familles des deux soldatsEldad Regev et Ehud Goldwasser ont été enterrés, jeudi 17 juillet, respectivement au cimetière militaire de Haïfa et au cimetière de Naharya.
« Aujourd’hui, c’est le plus dur moment depuis deux ans. Maintenant, nous voulons rester seuls en famille », déclare ainsi Karnit Goldwasser, l’épouse d’Ehud. De son côté, Shlomo Goldwasser, le père d’Ehud Goldwasser, dont le corps a été remis mercredi 16 juillet à Israël a dit qu’après avoir vu le cercueil de leur fils sa femme et lui ne voulaient pas voir le corps d’Ehud parce qu’ils préféraient garder l’image qu’ils avaient de lui avant. Il a expliqué à la radio israélienne que le fait que les deux soldats ne soient pas vivants n’était pas une surprise mais que le savoir les a confrontés à la réalité, ce qui était difficile. Il a jouté qu’il n’était pas en colère contre l’armée mais qu’il aurait voulu savoir si son fils avait été tué pendant le raid du Hezbollah ou bien plus tard en captivité. Shlomo Goldwasser a également condamné les manifestations de joie après la libération du terroriste Samir Kuntar. « L’attitude de Nasrallah et du peuple libanais me désole et me fait pitié », a-t-il ajouté. « Notre lutte maintenant est la libération de Gilad Shalit », a-t-il indiqué.
De son côté, Zvi Regev, qui a éteint son poste de télévision à la vu des cercueils, a remercié le peuple israélien pour avoir fait ce qu’il a pu.
July 14 La macédoine de Dany BoonLe Nouvel Observateur Seul un académicien peut planer si haut. «Aucun acteur issu de la diversité», avait tranché Jean-Marie Rouart dans «Paris Match», au début de l'envolée des «Ch'tis». Dany Boon en rit encore : «Ca doit être une victoire de l'intégration, si on ne sait même plus que Kad Merad est né en Algérie !» Et c'est la force du film - ou de la France - si Zinedine Soualem, Momo le vendeur de frites, se fond dans le paysage de Bergues. Ou si Dany Boon lui-même est tellement ch'ti qu'on oublie qu'il est aussi kabyle ! «Parler d'un film franchouillard, tout blanc, c'est surréaliste !» Lui qui s'ingénie à complexifier son melting-pot intime, au point que chacun peut lui ressembler... Car Boon est tout à la fois. Pleinement français, et fier encore - «J'aurais pu devenir résident suisse grâce à ma femme, je refuse de ne plus payer mes impôts !» Et à moitié ch'ti. Et à moitié kabyle. Et complètement juif, converti pour l'amour de Yaël et d'une religion de minoritaires «où l'amour des hommes compte plus que la crainte de Dieu». Dans ce patchwork, tout compte. L'amour du Nord, la terre de maman Danièle, transpire dans le film. Le grand-oncle de Dany, Adalbert Carrière, était carillonneur à Bergues, où Dany Boon a tourné son film. («Bergues, c'est une terre flamande, et j'ai dû négocier pour leur faire accepter que le ch'ti - le picard - se parlait aussi !», affirme-t-il). L'exil du père nourrit l'inquiétude de l'artiste et sa confiance en l'homme. Ahmed Hamidou, de Benyani, près de Tizi Ouzou, était venu en France pour être boxeur : «Enfants, on jouait à lui appuyer sur le nez, il était tout mou, il n'avait plus d'arête !» Puis il est devenu camionneur : «Il était très lié avec ses employeurs. Comme Kad dans le film, il avait été accueilli à bras ouverts dans la région. Il avait un accent ch'ti et kabyle à la fois. Mon arrière-grand-père, un ancien de 14, adorait mon père...» Mais le bonheur n'est jamais parfait. Quand Danièle a rencontré Ahmed, une partie de sa famille a refusé la mésalliance avec l'immigré trentenaire. «Parfois, ma mère était triste. J'ai connu le rejet parce qu'on s'appelait Hamidou, ou parce que je parlais ch'ti, comme les prolos ! J'essayais de gommer mon accent.» Il lui a fallu grandir et jouer, pour devenir lui-même ou essayer. «Tu mets combien de temps pour écrire un spectacle ?», lui demandait papa Ahmed. Dany : «Six mois.» Et le père : «Fainéant, il faut deux jours, un pour l'écrire, un pour l'apprendre !» Dany n'est pas devenu clochard, comme le redoutait papa, mort il y a quinze ans. Il a appris à s'accepter, dans une psychanalyse au long cours. L'ancien enfant de choeur a retrouvé une autre foi avec deux rabbins devenus des amis : Marc Guedj, grand rabbin de Genève, et Gabriel Farhi, chef de file d'une communauté parisienne... Il pratique dans l'intimité, connaît les mots de passe et a acquis la prudence des minorités : ne jamais être ostentatoire, tant rien n'est acquis. Ainsi se fabrique un homme kaléidoscope. Pour son mariage avec Yaël, princesse juive et suisse draguée avec une irrésistible timidité, maman Danièle avait tricoté cent calottes rituelles, jusqu'à ressentir des crampes au bras. Tout l'art ch'ti de la culture au crochet transposé pour une cérémonie hébraïque ! Il faut ne rien comprendre à l'amour pour trouver ça compliqué. Gabriel Fahri crée sa communauté dans le 19 ème.Un peu de pub, une fois n'est pas coutume, pour un sympatique rabbin, qui a créé sa propre communauté, L'AJTM (Alliance pour un Judaïsme Traditionnel et Moderne) s'éloignant un peu du judaïsme libéral pour se rapprocher d'une vision plus traditionnelle comme son nom l'indique.
L'adresse du site de la communauté du rabbin Gabriel Fahri : http://ajtm.over-blog.com/
En pièce jointe un article sur cette nouvelle communauté.
Les juifs libéraux doivent-ils se réjouir de l’élection du Grand Rabbin Gilles Bernheim ?Les juifs libéraux doivent-ils se réjouir de l’élection du Grand Rabbin Gilles Bernheim ? A priori la réponse devrait être positive sans la moindre hésitation. Que n’a t-on reproché à Gilles Bernheim, durant la campagne électorale, d’être l’ami des libéraux en lui prêtant l’intention de faire entrer les communautés juives libérales par la grande porte au sein du Consistoire. Et pourtant, Gilles Bernheim a rappelé calmement mais fermement, que ce soit devant le Crif ou dans les colonnes de son site internet, qu’il était fondamentalement opposé à la vision libérale du judaïsme. A la question : « reconnaitrez-vous les communautés libérales ? », la réponse ne souffrait aucune ambigüité : « Elles ne seront pas reconnues par le Consistoire, il ne faut pas confondre relation entre institutions et rencontres de personne à personne. Elles ne seront pas reconnues par le Consistoire parce que les principes fondamentaux de la halakha ne sont pas reconnus par le judaïsme libéral ». Serait-ce à dire que le Consistoire ne compte parmi ses membres que des juifs orthodoxes scrupuleusement respectueux de la halakha ?
Rien de neuf sous le soleil, un Grand rabbin de France succède à un autre en adoptant les mêmes positions à l’endroit des juifs libéraux. On pourrait rétorquer au nouveau Grand rabbin de France qu’il est inexact de considérer que les principes fondamentaux de la halakha ne sont pas reconnus par le judaïsme libéral, qui est l’expression d’un des nombreux courants religieux du Judaïsme. Le judaïsme libéral se veut respectueux de la halakha dans l’esprit des Maîtres du Talmud, une Loi juive sans cesse interrogée, argumentée et par définition en mouvement. Il n’est pas question ici de faire l’apologie du judaïsme libéral, cependant chacun observera que la halakha d’aujourd’hui n’est pas celle de nos ancêtres. Il n’est qu’a considérer l’exemple emblématique de la cacherout qui ferait d’un juif observant des règles alimentaires telles qu’édictées dans la Torah et seulement dans la Torah, un hérétique. La halakha, et cela est heureux, n’a cessé d’évoluer avec son époque. Le Grand rabbin Bernheim s’est notamment illustré par son action au sein du département du Consistoire « Torah et société ». Il nous a permis de mieux appréhender les enjeux actuels de l’éthique médicale qui doit continuellement être revisitée et faire l’objet d’adaptations halakhiques. La loi juive n’est pas une entité donnée au Mont Sinaï tout comme elle ne peut se réduire dans une œuvre aussi magistrale soit-elle que le Choulhane Aroukh. Chaque génération de Rabbins et de Maîtres érudits apporte une dimension renouvelée à la halakha. Nous, juifs libéraux et d’ouverture, pensons que le Grand Rabbin Bernheim saura répondre à cette exigence. Nous n’implorerons pas une reconnaissance qu’il ne souhaite pas nous accorder mais tout au moins gageons qu’il sera attentif à notre voix et celle de nos nombreux fidèles qui sont prêts à reconnaître en lui leur Grand Rabbin. Le « défi de l’unité » ne pourra se réaliser qu’à travers une écoute attentive de toutes les expressions du judaïsme français. Oui, les juifs libéraux se réjouissent de l’élection du nouveau Grand Rabbin de France. Nous savons qu’avec lui le dialogue existera et qu’il sera exigeant. Nous avons la faiblesse de penser que nous ne serons pas stigmatisés comme nous l’avons été dans le passé comme étant les tenants d’un « judaïsme de la facilité » ou des fantaisistes. Nos fidèles méritent d’être respectés dans le choix qu’ils ont fait d’adhérer au judaïsme libéral. Les Rabbins de nos communautés ont tous été formés avec rigueur durant les cinq années d’études rabbiniques. Nos Talmudé Torah sont reconnus pour leur excellence. Gilles Bernheim entend redonner au SIF, le Séminaire israélite de France tout son éclat. C’est probablement la mesure la plus importante qui inscrit l’œuvre du Grand Rabbin de France dans l’avenir. Je lance ici, avec une certaine candeur mais beaucoup de sérieux cet appel à Gilles Bernheim : Accepteriez-vous demain qu’un Rabbin libéral vienne présenter le courant qu’il représente aux futurs Rabbins de France, non par prosélytisme mais par souci d’être informé à la source d’un courant auquel les futurs cadres religieux de la communauté seront confrontés ? Peut-on être Rabbin et ne pas connaître Moses Mendelssohn, Leo Baeck, Abraham Geiger ou Louis-Germain Levy ? Peut-on ignorer des communautés qui rassemblent des milliers de familles et qui ne cessent d’enrichir le paysage communautaire ? L’arrivée du Grand Rabbin Bernheim et du nouveau Président Joël Mergui représentera certainement un défi pour le judaïsme libéral qui verra nombre de ses fidèles, qui s’étaient détournés de l’ultra-orthodoxie du Consistoire pour rejoindre nos communautés, s’intéresser de nouveau à cette institution. Nous n’aurons plus le monopole de l’ouverture, mais qui s’en plaindra ? Avec l'aimable autorisation du Rabbin Gabriel Farhi. July 11 Un militaire impliqué dans l'agression du jeune RudyLe ministre de la Défense, Hervé Morin, a confirmé qu'un militaire de la base aérienne de Taverny, en région parisienne, avait été mis en examen dans l'enquête sur l'agression d'un jeune juif le 21 juin à Paris. «Il s'agit en effet, selon les informations que nous possédons, d'un militaire du rang de la base aérienne de Taverny, sous contrat, qui, selon nos informations, était en congé maladie. Bien entendu, il a effectué cet acte en dehors du service.», a déclaré Hervé Morin sur France Info vendredi 11 juillet, en jugeant «totalement inacceptable» le comportement du militaire. «Nous en tirerons les conséquences qui s'imposent», a jouté le ministre.
Foued O... a été mis en examen pour « tentative de meurtre et violence en réunion ». Il serait l’agresseur à la béquille. Le mobile antisémite a été retenu, qui vient aggraver les charges à leur encontre. Parmi les deux autres jeunes arrêtés, Boubacar C..., un Malien de 27 ans, a, lui, été mis en examen pour « violences en réunion aggravées par leur caractère antisémite », soupçonné d'avoir participé à l'une des rixes précédentes de l'après-midi, durant laquelle une machette avait été utilisée. Jeudi 10 juillet, les trois hommes étaient présentés au juge des libertés et de la détention. Le parquet a requis leur incarcération.
Un militaire impliqué dans l'agression du jeune Rudy (Libération) ; L'agresseur présumé de Ruddy est un militaire (Le Parisien) July 10 Polygamy - Hot Kosher SexJan and Dean sang about it in 1963, but some Jews, concerned over the increasingly lower birth rate among Jews, are suggesting that “two girls for every boy” may be the answer. Statisticians have proclaimed a “clear numerical superiority” of available women over available men in the Jewish dating pool. This is bad news for Jewish women, who become increasingly competitive in looking for Mr. Right, while the men sit back and enjoy the ride, since there are always more women for them to choose from. Perhaps the time is right for polygamy to make its long-awaited comeback. HBO has a hit show in Big Love, depicting the drama of a polygamous Mormon marriage. Concern with “the dating crisis” has the religious Jewish community up in arms. And recent articles in the Jerusalem Post quoted one Bar-Ilan University professor as suggesting that Jewish men take concubines, to combat the declining birth rate. And last year, noted philanthropist Michael Steinhardt even gave a controversial speech — explained away by some as satire — in which he proposed polygamy as a real-time solution to the problem. As the discussion continues, look for Martha Stewart to advise on how newlywed “triples” or “quads” should handle registering for multiple china patterns. Jews in the US militaryJews in America's military face great obstacles. Anti-Semitism, kosher rations, days off for religious holidays, and that's just boot camp. In the armed forces, to be different is no blessing. Jewish soldiers, as much as anyone, have endured the suffering that comes with that difference, but the story of their service marches on. Story by Bradford R. Pilcher | Photograph by Alex Martinez It's a frigid winter morning at a condo construction site on the north end of Coney Island Avenue in one of those trendy sections of Brooklyn. The sun begins to peek through the trees above Prospect Park as Michael Kirschner stands alone in the management office, facing east. The reason a Jew faces east to pray is so his mind is focused on Jerusalem, but looking at Kirschner, who stands absolutely still in prayer, one has to wonder if his thoughts are in the Holy Land. Or are they perhaps a little further east, across the sands of Arabia somewhere, say, like Kuwait? The 26-year-old Kirschner is up every morning before dawn and drives into the darkness from his Teaneck, New Jersey apartment to his job as an assistant project manager in Brooklyn. His workday lasts at least 12 hours (usually without a break for lunch) and when it's done, he gets back into his silver 2002 Honda Civic and begins the hour-and-a-half drive home through rush hour traffic. Often, he has to work Sundays to make up for time lost in bad weather. But a six-day week isn't new for Kirschner, nor is starting his day while most sane people are still smacking the snooze button. Two years ago Kirschner would rise before the sun as well, but instead of driving to Brooklyn, he trudged through sandy dunes to his post as a Marine in a guard tower just outside Camp Commando in Kuwait. No, Michael Kirschner doesn't mind the commute or the hours. He's just thankful to be back in America. As he finishes the morning prayers, his reverie is interrupted by a sharp ringing. "Good morning sir," Kirschner answers his cell phone robustly, as if he's been up for hours. "The truck with the concrete planks for the fourth and fifth floors is still in Canada. It was supposed to be here this morning," he smiles and returns the phone to its place on his belt. "Looks like we're going to need a lot of Popsicle sticks," he says to a visitor. It's this kind of tongue-in-cheek humor that's characteristic of Kirschner, who admits he is sometimes chastised by friends and family for making light of serious situations. But ask his buddies from the 6th Communications Battalion and they'll tell you that it was this same brand of humor that lightened the mood during otherwise dark times. Times Kirschner would rather forget. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From day one in boot camp, it was just a mess," recalls Kirschner as he winds his car home after work through New York traffic and back into New Jersey. "I was always a Sabbath observant Jew, and when I first enlisted, the recruiter said I'd be able to keep that up in the Marine Corps. "You just tell your instructor," Kirschner mimics the recruiter, "and you won't have any problems observing your religion.” Unfortunately for Kirschner, the recruiter's definition of observant wasn't well developed. Kosher food was "options other than pork." Observing the Sabbath meant Kirschner "wouldn't be forced to ride in vehicles." Virtually from the moment he arrived, the young soldier was faced with a "very, very different" world from what he was used to. He wasn't a kid from Iowa with a G.E.D. in one hand and a beer in the other. He grew up in the affluent suburbs of Chicago to a nice Jewish family. He attended the University of Illinois at Chicago and got a degree in architecture. Hoping to gain discipline and a once-in-a-lifetime experience before starting law school, he enlisted in the Marines. Then came 9/11 and, all of a sudden, he was being activated for service in the Middle East. "Everything was always copacetic, and there never really was a challenge to Judaism," Kirschner describes of his childhood. "It was just taken for granted, and once it was taken away from me, I began to appreciate it and all that it had to offer." Boot camp became a religious awakening. Called "f***ing Jew" by drill instructors, the jovial Memphis native remembers the experience with a seriousness that belies his good nature. The environment was one of forced conformity. Black recruits were peppered with racial epithets and people were given flack for having divorced parents. To speak, you had to request permission, and everything had to be said in a full scream and at full attention. The first couple of weeks, all the recruits were taken to non-denominational services on Sunday, and while the mentions of God were general, Kirschner says it "definitely didn't feel Jewish, it was definitely towards the worshipping Jesus club." What is the point of all this? Ask the military and they'll tell you it's meant to break down new recruits and turn them into hardened — and homogenous — killing machines. Once the non-denominational services were done, Kirschner got the option of Sabbath services on Friday nights, but his drill instructors harassed him for going, and fellow recruits started pulling the Judaism card to get Friday nights off. That only sent more heat Kirschner's way. It didn't take long for him to realize he wouldn't be able to observe his religion the way he'd like. "I couldn't be Orthodox," he says. "It would have made my life more than a living hell, so I prayed and did my own thing in my own private time." After his initial training was complete, Kirschner finally got some measure of personal freedom and went back to a more observant lifestyle, though he did try to ease into the subject with his reserve unit. "It's unheard of to have Saturdays off and have special food," he explains between traffic lights. So the first few months he didn't make much of a fuss, but a couple months before shipping out, he finally broached the subject. "You've made accommodations for people who have a wedding and can't come in on Saturday, and I'd like the same accommodations made for me," he requested. His commanders were irate, doing little to get him kosher Meals Ready to Eat (MREs). This only continued while at war, where his gunnery sergeant refused to schedule him off on Saturdays, giving him guard duty instead, and told him he couldn't attend religious services. "I'm not letting you go, and there's nothing you can do," she told him. Then there were the threats and hazing. A fellow Marine got drunk and tried to slit Kirschner's throat — not the first knife fight he found himself in with other soldiers. One night on guard duty he was approached by a sergeant who raised his loaded nine millimeter pistol to Kirschner's chest. These events, one after the other, caused his battalion Colonel to stop talking to him entirely. "We'll just save it for the Congressional hearing," he remembers being told. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Jewish soldiers have been a part of the U.S. armed forces as long as they've been a part of the U.S. But if ever there was a profession that tested American Jews more than any other, it would be the military. In the larger society, there were rednecks and ignorant Bible-thumpers, and there were the elites bent on keeping Jews out of the country clubs. But in the military, those particular demographics were magnified. For a Jewish soldier, that means all the headaches of being a Jew, but twenty times worse. Jewish psychology plays into this as well. Jewish mothers don't let their kids play football for fear of cracked ribs, so heavy weapons training and deadly force aren't exactly high on the list of desired careers. And if we're discussing Jewish neuroses, then we should mention Jewish politics which have largely been of the liberal, anti-war variety. So you get anti-Semitic garbage from the soldiers who've never met a Jew, much less shared a foxhole with one. On top of that, your own community hasn't exactly got your back. People could be forgiven for thinking Jewish soldiers were a myth. But when Rabbi Arnold Resnicoff, a decorated chaplain and Vietnam naval officer, delivered the prayer at the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, he found himself facing a litany of Jewish veterans. "Somehow [they] made their way through the crowd of 200,000 people to find me and shake my hand," describes Resnicoff. "They said that many Americans had the misperception that Jews did not serve. It was important to them — and important to me — that we all understand that Jews were part of that war in every way." Jews were a part of that war and plenty of others as well. Tibor Rubin, for example, recently received the Medal of Honor. At 76-years-old, the Holocaust survivor was belatedly honored for his service in Korea. The delay was due in large part to one anti-Semitic sergeant who refused orders to nominate Rubin for the award decades ago. To get American citizenship (and attend the Army's butcher school), Rubin enlisted and found himself on the front lines of the Korean War. Routinely "volunteered" for dangerous patrols and assignments by that same anti-Semitic sergeant, Rubin's bravery on those missions earned him the respect of his fellow soldiers, but his courageous efforts as a prisoner-of-war is what ultimately earned him the coveted Medal of Honor. A fellow POW remembers that many simply gave up in the face of bleak conditions, but Rubin would sneak out of the camp most nights to steal food for his fellow prisoners. Sgt. Leo Cormier spoke later of his time in the camp: "[Rubin] took care of us, nursed us, carried us to the latrine … He did many good deeds, which he told us were mitzvahs." In the 1980s, Rubin's old compatriots began agitating for him to finally receive the award he had been denied for so long. Sen. John McCain introduced special legislation on Rubin's behalf and a slew of congressmen pressured the Pentagon, but it wasn't until the passage of the "Leonard Kravitz Jewish War Veterans Act" — named for musician Lenny Kravitz's father — mandating a review of selected Jewish veterans' war records that Rubin was finally reconsidered for the medal he deserved. As the 15th Jewish recipient of the Medal of Honor, Rubin is now saluted by five-star generals upon entering a room. The president of the United States must stand as well. The war hero has previously said of his recognition, "I want the goyim to know that there were Jews over there … who fought for their beloved country." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kirschner is not a tall man, but his muscular build warns you to think twice before messing with the former Marine. His handshake reminds you that he could probably crush you, but it's his disarming smile and warm eyes that lead you to believe he might just hug you instead. And hug he does, because Kirschner's passion for life has been renewed since his time spent overseas. He returned home after six months in Kuwait and Iraq, though he says the same gunnery sergeant who wouldn't give him time off for the Sabbath tried to "volunteer" him for service in Baghdad for another year. Citing his observance requirements, he wasn't signed up for another tour. "I finished my reserve duty, and I'm done," he says definitively, though he later concedes he could've been ordered back. "Ultimately it was their choice. If they want you to go, they put you on the list. When I got back, they said, ‘Forget him. He's not worth it.' They'd rather leave me home than have to deal with me," he laughs. After his return, he put his good nature and warm demeanor to work. Kirschner traveled and spoke at Jewish schools and synagogues about his experience, popping up at his brother's school and traveling to cities like Chicago and Denver to speak. Then he stopped. "I've turned down many, many speaking engagements," he says at the end of his work day. "I suffered over there, and I was pretty miserable, so I want to pull myself away from that." Public speaker no more, Kirschner still says he'll always make time for specific individuals. "If someone comes to me and says their son wants to join the Marine Corps, I'll step in and speak to them." His distance from the public speaking circuit is also motivated by his professed desire to stay away from Marine-bashing. At one point, somewhere near the George Washington Bridge, he makes a request: "Don't put me down as saying the Marine Corps is bad, that it should be disbanded." This particular request comes after a lengthy discussion of Marine Corps culture, which Kirschner describes as "a mess" and "very aggressive. They're killers." According to the 5'4" ex-soldier, the culture runs a little bit like this: "You get drunk, sleep with as many girls as you can. You wake up the next day, run ten miles, and then practice your killing skills. It's a different culture." Nevertheless, "I'm not here to badmouth that culture," insists Kirschner. "I had a negative experience, but there was a lot of good too. I learned discipline and how to perservere." And Kirschner learned a great deal more than that, he says, from being in the Marines. "On a daily basis, and in almost every single way, the Marine Corps has made me a better person," he maintains. "It made me appreciate things I didn't appreciate before. I was just a numb, cookie-cutter Jewish kid. I didn't appreciate the life God gave me." But go ahead and ask him. Wasn't he attacked by a knife-wielding drunk? Didn't his superior officers make his life a living hell for being even a little bit different? What about the nightmares that must keep him up at night? "Part of what made me better was being put through all that misery. The difficulty of the Marine Corps and the challenges of being a religious person just made me stronger. It's a good system," he insists one more time. "It just wasn't right for me." Kirschner admits that prior to joining he was excited by spine-tingling stories of life in the Marines. "I wanted it rough. I wanted to be the biggest and the baddest. I wanted to be part of the best and be changed forever." The sentiments of a Marine Corps that's beneficial, but just not for a nice Jewish boy, are echoed by Tech. Sergeant Mikhail Eshtut, who these days simply goes by Mike. A former Marine reservist himself, he served aboard a naval ship in the Persian Gulf during the first Gulf War. At Chanukah, though he wasn't observant at the time, he found himself moved to "do something Jewish." He fashioned a menorah out of a potato and some tin foil. More than a decade later, in 2003, he was redeployed to Kuwait. The ensuing years had seen Eshtut's observance grow, and when Chanukah rolled around this time he found a nearby Army base where he and fourteen other Jewish soldiers got together for a holiday celebration. Nevertheless, he ultimately concluded that "I couldn't be in [the Marines] and keep Shabbat at the same time, not fully keep Shabbat." So Eshtut, who cared deeply about serving his country, quit the Corps. He was able to switch to the Air Force for service as a Chaplain's assistant. In his new role, he provides administrative and logistical support for the religious clergy, allowing him a greater freedom to observe his faith, though some issues still come up. "Keeping kosher overseas is a challenge," he says. There's also the issue of being prominently Jewish in an Arab country not known for its friendliness to Jews. "I definitely didn't wear my yarmulke when I was in Kuwait or Iraq, just not to present myself as a target," admits Eshtut. "What's interesting is that another chaplain who spent a year in Iraq traveling around did wear his yarmulke, and he wore a bright blue one that didn't even blend with his uniform. He really stood out, and I thought, ‘This guy has some balls.'" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry was either ignorant or defiant when they chose Michael Allen to be their regiment's chaplain. It was 1861 and a bill to allow rabbis to serve as chaplains had been defeated, preserving the legal discrimination that had existed as long as the nation itself. Allen was a liquor dealer, and on the side he was a Hebrew teacher and wannabe rabbi. When a YMCA worker showed up to discover that, horror of horrors, the chaplain wasn't a Christian, he raised the issue with the military. Though Allen was forced to resign, the unit flouted the law again by nominating ordained rabbi Arnold Fischel. It took a year of lobbying, but by mid-1862 Congress finally changed the law to allow members of a "religious denomination" rather than a "Christian denomination" to serve as chaplains. Thus began a long and rabble-rousing tradition of Jewish spiritual leaders in the military. Take Ferdinand Leopold Samer, a native of Germany, who was commissioned as chaplain of the 54th New York Volunteer Regiment in 1863, mainly because most of the soldiers were German-speaking. He became the first Jewish chaplain to be wounded and the first one to go AWOL. Severely wounded at Gettysburg, Rabbi Samer found himself hospitalized and awaiting his formal discharge papers. Samer decided he felt better. Absent the actual paperwork, he left the hospital and went home. Perhaps the most famously controversial rabbi to ever serve as chaplain was Roland Gittelsohn. Assigned to the 5th Marine Division at Iwo Jima during World War II, Gittelsohn found himself in the trenches of one of the war's bloodiest battles. As 70,000 American Marines fought relentlessly with deeply entrenched Japanese forces, the rabbi shuffled from one soldier to another, ministering to those of all faiths. His efforts won him three service ribbons. Following the fighting, the division chaplain, himself a Protestant minister, requested Gittelsohn deliver a memorial sermon at the dedication of the Marine cemetery for Iwo Jima's fallen. Unfortunately, religious prejudice (alongside racial divisions) tore the plans to pieces. A majority of Protestant chaplains protested a rabbi preaching over predominantly Christian graves, while Catholic clergy kept with church doctrine by opposing any joint services altogether. The division chaplain refused to back down, but Gittelsohn withdrew in deference to the complaints of others. Three separate services took place, and what happened next is still referenced by military leaders to this day. With about 70 in attendance, Gittelsohn delivered the following words at the Jewish service: "Here lie officers and men of all colors. Rich men and poor men together. Here are Protestants, Catholics, Jews — all together. Here no man prefers another because of his faith, or despises a man because of his color. Here there are no quotas: how many of each group are admitted or allowed. Among these men there is no discrimination. No prejudice. No hatred. Theirs is the highest and purest democracy.Three Protestant ministers, incensed by their fellow clergy, boycotted their own services to attend. Unknown to the rabbi, one of them borrowed the text of his sermon and circulated it among the regiment. Soldiers included portions in letters home. Time magazine published excerpts, the full text was entered into the Congressional Record, and the Army released it for broadcast to troops around the globe. Amidst the prejudice of his Protestant colleagues, Gittelsohn's words took on added resonance and have continued to echo in speeches and commemorations for more than half a century. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ It was Resnicoff, the Vietnam veteran and Jewish chaplain, who found his words being quoted in an unlikely place. One doesn't imagine a convention hosted by religious right leader Rev. Jerry Falwell as the place most likely to include rabbinic involvement. Nevertheless, at "Baptist Fundamentalism ‘84" President Ronald Reagan delivered a keynote address in which he included the text of a letter Resnicoff had written. When a terrorist attack leveled a Marine barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1983, Resnicoff happened to be next door. It was a fluke, the result of his Jewish faith. Resnicoff tells the story this way: "It is true that I went to Beirut on [that Friday] to hold a memorial service for Alan Soifert, a Jewish Marine killed by sniper fire. The Marines were ready to send me back to Italy (the homeport for the 6th Fleet, where I was assigned) on Saturday — but I said I did not travel on my Sabbath, my Shabbat. For that reason, I was still there on Sunday when the suicide truck bomb attack occurred." The blast went off at 6:22 in the morning. There had been a USO show the night before, and most of the Marines were still asleep. Resnicoff was brushing his teeth when he heard and felt the blast equal to 12,000 pounds of TNT. It turned a four-story barracks into a mass of rubble that crushed more than 200 Marines while they slept. The cloud of dirt and dust kicked up made it hard to see, and harder to breathe. Smoke from still smoldering flames only exacerbated the problem. Hell couldn't have seemed very different from that gruesome scene. In the end, 241 Americans were killed, making that morning the bloodiest in Marine history since Iwo Jima. Rushing out to help in whatever way he could, Resnicoff describes tearing his uniform to shreds in order to use the cloth as bandages for his wounded comrades. "I had used my kippah to wipe blood and dirt from a wounded Marine's face," recalls Resnicoff. In the chaos, the chaplain's head covering was lost. "The Catholic chaplain there — Father George Pucciarelli — cut a new kippah for me from his camouflage uniform. He said that he wanted every Marine there in Beirut, where it seemed that every religion was gunning for every other religion, to know that we Americans were different, that our chaplains reached out to all in need." The story of the "Camouflage Kippah" found its way into the press and ended up on the floor of Congress, where a bill to allow soldiers to wear kippot with their uniforms had failed two years running. The stirring account, along with strong lobbying from members of the military, helped pass the law. It was the beginning in a number of sweeping reforms to the military's policy on religious accommodation. They would later add kosher (and even kosher for Passover) MREs, for example. But what brought Resnicoff, or at least his words, to a convention of Christian fundamentalists was a report requested by then Vice President George Bush. Leading up the team that visited the site of the attack, Bush met Resnicoff and requested he draft the story of his experience as a chaplain on that day. The report was to be sent directly to the White House. A year later, when Reagan appeared at the Baptist convention, he read the report as part of his speech. "There was a sense of God's presence that day in the small miracles of life which we encountered in each body that, despite all odds, still had a breath within," wrote Resnicoff. "There was humanity at its best that day and a reminder not to give up the hope and dreams of what the world could be in the tears that could still be shed by these [soldiers], regardless of how much they might have seen before." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Today, years after Beirut and after having retired from active duty, Resnicoff has been pressed back into service. This past June, he was appointed as Special Assistant for Vision and Values to help the Air Force clean up a controversy at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. Then again, controversy may be putting it politely. "I'm at war right now, and Jews that read your magazine need to wake the f*** up and realize we're at war." These are the harsh words of Mikey Weinstein as I speak to him from his New Mexico home. Talking to him, you definitely get a sense of a man who's been fighting a battle, and intends with every bone in his body to keep right on fighting it. His tone is strident, and he doesn't hesitate to make definitive statements about everything from hardcore evangelical Christians to Resnicoff himself. ("To me he is Rabbi Speed Bump for the evangelical juggernaut.") "If I'm sounding too militant, I'm sorry," he offers at one point in the conversation. It's not that Weinstein is a particularly militant kind of guy. Nor is he a dyed in the wool liberal God-hater with an axe to grind against Christianity. No, Mikey Weinstein is a registered Republican. He worked for Ronald Reagan in the White House Counsel's office. His family has a long military history, producing three generations of military officers who've seen combat in every war since World War I. Still not convinced? His wife's maiden name is, believe it or not, Christian — she converted when she married him. So what exactly prompted this Republican, lawyer for Reagan, military vet to sue the United States Air Force? Mel Gibson. Well, not Gibson exactly. It wasn't even Gibson's controversial film The Passion of the Christ, per se, that drew Weinstein's ire. It was what happened at the Air Force Academy when the film was released. "It should have been named the Jesus Chainsaw Massacre," deadpans Weinstein. "I found it to be a horribly anti-Semitic thing, and I was contacted not by my kids [who attend the Academy], but by Christian members of the chaplaincy at the Air Force Academy." They told Weinstein that posters, thousands of them, had blanketed the campus. Each one pushed cadets to see the movie. Intrigued, the alumnus began digging deeper. What he found horrified him. Commanders and instructors were professing their Christianity and encouraging cadets to evangelize their fellow cadets. Jewish cadets, like Weinstein's sons, were being told the Holocaust was revenge for Jesus' death. And "officially sponsored" brown bag lunches stood as fronts for outside evangelist groups. "One flyer had a data point saying, ‘Do not take this flyer down. This is an officially sponsored Academy event,'" says Weinstein, citing one such lunch. "Do you know what the topic was? It was, ‘Why we cannot let you have your God while we have ours.' This is not Oral Roberts University or Bob Jones University. This is the Air Force Academy!" Weinstein's voice rises as he talks, and he repeatedly makes sure you're sitting down before he hits you with each zinger. It doesn't take him long to make the connection from current events to historical "bloodbaths" either. "Every single time a radical version of Christianity has engaged the machinery of the state we have ended up not with little streams or puddles, but with oceans and oceans of blood," says Weinstein without the faintest sense of overstatement. "If people don't want to accept it, fine, but this is what is happening, and this is our last time to stop it." Weinstein took up his concerns with commanders at the Academy and at the Pentagon, but he says he was thwarted and shrugged off. Meanwhile, more critics of the Academy's religious bias came out of the woodwork. Melinda Morton, a Lutheran minister and chaplain at the Academy spoke out publicly about the Academy's inaction in the face of religious intolerance. For her efforts, she was reassigned to Okinawa, Japan and resigned her commission. Kristen Leslie, a professor at the Yale Divinity School took a group of her students and spent a week at the Academy in the summer of 2004. She depicted "stridently evangelical themes," including one chaplain exhorting cadets to evangelize other non-Christian cadets by saying "[those] not born again will burn in the fires of hell." Though some reports downplayed the incident, the chaplain in question turned out to be the reigning Chaplain of the Year. When a Jewish cadet came forward to report his experience with religious intolerance, a JAG officer asked him why he spoke out. "It's the Constitution, sir," answered the cadet. In four words, he provided a simple maxim for critics of the Academy. In their defense, the Air Force did release interim guidelines in August discouraging public prayer at official functions and reminding commanders to have more sensitivity for individual religious beliefs. Two months earlier, the Air Force had issued a report on the religious climate at the Academy. It found no overt discrimination, just an ignorance and lack of sensitivity on the part of some personnel and cadets. Still, Weinstein calls the guidelines "dead on arrival," pointing to remarks by Brig. Gen. Cecil Richardson, the Air Force deputy chief of chaplains. In a New York Times article in July, a month after the Air Force report was released, Richardson was quoted saying, "We will not proselytize, but we reserve the right to evangelize the unchurched." "What good do [the guidelines] do if they reserve the right to evangelize," asks Weinstein. Frustrated with delays and inaction, Weinstein filed suit in federal court on October 6, 2005, demanding the Air Force prohibit its members and chaplains from attempting to "involuntarily convert, pressure, exhort or persuade a fellow member of the USAF to accept their own religious beliefs while on duty." The lawsuit is still pending. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A multi-faith military has inherent difficulties. How do you respect the religious needs of all soldiers when some soldiers believe it is their religious obligation to convert other soldiers? This question is less an issue for the religious majority, but Jewish soldiers have faced the challenge of overzealous evangelizers in their ranks, to say nothing of the needs of Jewish observance. Mikey Weinstein's solution is simple, if absolute: no proselytizing allowed while on duty. To those who seek anything less, he argues the time has passed for compromise. "We can't work with these people anymore. We're so far apart in this country, that if we were a hundred times better, only then would we be two ships passing in the night. Right now, we're two ships passing on opposite sides of the universe." That bleak approach flies in the face of active duty chaplains, including Jewish ones, who Weinstein says "aren't seeing the forest for the trees" — "Why every rabbi in the Department of Defense didn't rise up when they said they reserve the right to evangelize the unchurched, I don't know." Melinda Zalma certainly didn't see herself as a "speed bump" rabbi when she flew from her full-time job with the Jewish Outreach Institute in New York to Guantanomo Bay, Cuba. It was the High Holidays this past year, and Jewish military personnel needed a rabbi, even the ones stationed on the tiny military base at the tip of Cuba. Rabbi Zalma, a reserve chaplain, came to help them. "The group of Jews who came to services that I spoke to," remembers Zalma during a break at a recent JOI conference in Atlanta, "they were amazing, really thoughtful people." The knit kippah perched precariously on her chin-length brown hair looked like it might fly off at any moment, but it didn't slow her down as we walked. The difficulties facing Jewish sailors (Zalma is in the Navy) didn't interfere with her perpetual smile either. "What I think I've found is that you need to be flexible," explains Zalma when asked how a Jew can fit their religion into military life. "You have to have a minyan. Some say in the Navy, three is a minyan, because you have so few chances for people to come together and worship as a community. "It definitely takes some sacrifices. For me the challenge was how do I bend Jewish law a bit, how do I balance Jewish law and enable the service personnel to have a full Jewish experience." Those sentiments were shared by Rabbi Resnicoff. "It will be very difficult to maintain observance in the military," says Resnicoff, though he doesn't think it's impossible. Like several other chaplains and soldiers interviewed for this story, he indicated he wouldn't advise very observant Jews to join the military. "I would advise them to seek other ways to serve their country, because there are many ways," says Resnicoff. Despite the reservations, Resnicoff, Zalma and other Jewish chaplains continue to insist that their role in the military is a positive one, and their experiences are just as positive. That puts them at odds with the likes of Weinstein, who advocates a more vocal and aggressive stance on the part of Jewish military personnel. For his part, Resnicoff cited the military's progress and its positive role on civil rights: "When I went to Vietnam it was a time of racism … the military made the decision to do something about it … [and] led the way for the nation at large." "When I used to visit rabbinical schools," says Resnicoff, "I used to say we needed Jewish chaplains even if there was not one single Jewish man or woman in the military. When our leaders struggle with issues of right and wrong … I want a Jewish voice at the table. I think Judaism does not exist for Jews; it is a witness to the possibility of keeping faith even during terrible times." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kirschner doesn't go out of his way to discuss his brief, bitter military career. Back in his construction site office on yet another morning as the sun rises, he insists his eyes are fixed on the future. The regrets could be overwhelming otherwise. "I always think, ‘Wow, I could've been working for more than four years now. I could be much further along in my career,'" says the burly former Marine. He also recalls the worries of his friends and family. "People I've never met before came up and said, ‘I was so worried about you.' I don't even know who they are, but they were worried." Kirschner pauses in the low light. "I'm so sorry. I feel bad about all the people I made worry, because this was something I did of my own free will." The regret, thankfully, doesn't overwhelm Kirschner. Even in those serious moments the big teddy bear side of him peeks through. A smile cuts across his face as he adds, "My mother says it's her job to worry." So the one-time-soldier goes about his life. There are no more public speaking engagements. No more trips to schools in other cities clutter up his schedule. A career, one that doesn't involve heavy weapons and anti-Semitic superiors, lies ahead of him. Marriage and children are there too, eventually. Still people do sometimes discover. They might whisper, "Michael was in the Marines." Sooner or later they start asking questions. "One of the first questions is always, ‘Man, did you kill somebody?' I always say, ‘Thank God, I never had to fire my weapon in combat,'" says Kirschner. Eventually, he says, the conversation turns away from gunfights and towards Jewish rituals. They ask him, "How hard was it to keep the mitzvot?" Kirschner likes to leave them with these words. "It's the little things, those are the things that define my time in the Marine Corps," he says. "It's those little things that I'd build upon. There was always something small that I could do — still uttering a short evening prayer at the end of a long day, ritually washing my hands before I would eat bread. I made a personal vow to myself never to eat bread without washing my hands, to always keep that one small law to perfection, even if it would sometimes mean I would have to wait hours to eat. "Those extra little things that I did, they do so much for you," he says. "Especially in times of adversity — when it's that much tougher, it makes it that much more rewarding. And when it's that much tougher, it feels that much better." You have to wonder if Kirschner understands how his statement says as much about all Jews in the military as it does about his own experience. Jews have always been there in uniform, but in contrast to the civilian world, they've faced a little more adversity. In response, they've done a little bit extra, and like in the larger world, it's done so much for them, and it's made it that much more rewarding. Les Noirs juifs en France, avec Nduwa Guershon
Emission RadioJ du 02/07/08 Une synagogue "noire", à quoi bon ? Je me rappelle la première fois que j’ai voulu rentrer dans une synagogue. J’avais 13 ans. J’avais peur. Peur de ma différence, peur d’être épié, peur de me retrouver seul, le seul noir, au milieu d’une grande communauté, blanche. J’avais 13 ans et cela aurait pu être un grand jour. Mais je n’ai pas osé pousser les portes de la synagogue. Il m’a fallu presque dix ans pour renouveler ma tentative de rejoindre une communauté. Au téléphone, je préviens Philippe Haddad, rabbin de la synagogue des Ulis : "Je suis nouveau dans la communauté, je ne connais pas vraiment les rites et... je suis noir !" Arrivé devant la synagogue, je me suis arrêté là, encore une seconde, pour une seconde fois. Cette fois-ci, je refuse de me faire rejeter par mes propres pensées et j’ouvre les portes de la synagogue, sans plus réfléchir. Ce que j’ai ressenti tout au long de cette "première fois" ? Un apaisement, quand celui qui allait devenir un grand ami, Denis Boumendil, m’accueillit d’un sourire jusqu’aux oreilles, de l’inquiétude, quand Denis m’appela David, et un grand réconfort quand il me dit qu’il m’avait confondu avec un autre jeune noir qui venait dans la même synagogue. Bien sûr, il y a tous ces moments où, étonnés, les membres de la synagogue vous toisent étrangement, avant de vous assaillir de questions. Il y a ces longs moments où l’on se sent épié ou juste paranoïaque. Même si, à chaque fois, il y a ce soulagement qui accompagne certains airs et certaines prières, plus ou moins familiers, le réconfort le plus grand naît de la rencontre avec ses pairs, noirs et juifs. C’est ce que j’ai ressenti lorsque la famille Ovonogo, originaire du Congo a rejoint la synagogue des Ulis. A cet époque où il m’arrivait souvent de faire Shabath dans la capitale, c’est tout de même dans la synagogue que fréquentait la famille Ovonogo que je me sentais le plus à l’aise, le plus capable d’une ferveur exemplaire. Quand mon ami, Edouard, a évoqué cette idée folle de voir, un jour, une synagogue "noire" à Paris, j’ai d’abord trouver ça fou avant de réellement m’interroger : Y’aurait-t-il suffisamment de fidèles pour une telle synagogue sur Paris ? Comment serait vue cette communauté dans La communauté ? Est-ce que cette idée va dans le bon sens ? Facilite-t-elle la pratique du judaïsme ou, au contraire, la divise-t-elle ? Et puis, les noirs juifs auraient-ils envie de rejoindre une telle synagogue au détriment des communautés qu’ils fréquentent déjà ? Mon amie, Sarah, juive métisse originaire des Antilles, me parle souvent d’aller visiter les synagogues noires d’Angleterre ou des Etats -Unis. Et, il est vrai que la curiosité se mêle souvent à l’envie de trouver des semblables, plus semblables, des frères noirs, occidentaux et juifs à la fois, un autrui susceptible de comprendre au mieux une partie importante de mon identité. Pourtant, ce voyage si facile à concevoir, nous ne l’avons jamais effectué. Je suis curieux mais ce que je recherche pour me construire est peut être ailleurs qu’en Angleterre ou aux Etats-Unis. Ailleurs, mais où alors ? En y réfléchissant bien, le réconfort que j’ai éprouvé en rejoignant la communauté des Ulis et la famille Ovonogo, je n’aurai pu le ressentir, aussi intensément, dans les communautés noirs d’Israël, d’Angleterre, des Etat-Unis ou même du Nigeria. Ce que je recherche devrait donc être ici. C’est en France que je serais le plus ravi de connaître une « synagogue noire ». J’en ai la conviction depuis mon dernier voyage au Congo. A Kinshasa, comme à Lumbubashi, se tient une synagogue. Majestueuse pour sa taille plus que pour sa beauté, la synagogue de Kinshasa est en quelque sorte la synagogue de Moïse Rahmani, l’auteur de Shalom Buana, le livre sur les juifs du Congo. Grâce à Moïse, je savais que les juifs de ces synagogues étaient, pour la plupart, originaire d’Israël. On a donc, au Congo, des synagogues blanches dans un pays noir. Imaginer vous, un juif d’Alsace, par exemple, de père polonais et de mère française (tous deux de souche), parvenir à trouver une telle synagogue dans un pays où les blancs constituent nettement une minorité. Si vous êtes religieux, ne serait-il pas d’un grand réconfort de s’y rendre, plus qu’ailleurs ? Et, même si les congolais étaient tous juifs et que le pays ne comptait qu’une seule synagogue pour les minorités blanches, le réconfort d’avoir cette synagogue en serait-il moins fort ? En France, il existe pourtant la synagogue des tlemceniens, la synagogue des djerbiens, la synagogue des oranais et tant d’autres synagogues qui ont leur façon de chanter, leur façon de manger, leur façon d’applaudir les jours de fêtes, leurs coutumes religieuses. J’ai toujours été charmé par cette richesse du judaïsme qui rappelle l’humanité toute entière. Ces communautés sont ouvertes, pas besoin d’être à Djerba pour prendre un kiddouch à la djerbienne ou au Caire pour apprécier les vocalises typiques du hazan. Alors où se pose le problème ? En quoi peut-il être gênant d’avoir une synagogue, à Paris, qui accueillerait des fidèles originaires non pas d’une ville, d’une région ou d’un pays d’Afrique mais de plus de la moitié du continent ? A-t-on peur de voir se former une communauté trop visible au sein de la communauté juive traditionnelle ou n’est-ce pas plutôt la peur de voir le judaïsme s’orner d’airs, de coutumes religieuses et de traditions peu connue par la majorité ? Mais pourquoi cette communauté ne serait-elle pas aussi ouverte que celle des tlemceniens et consorts ? Pourquoi n’aurait-elle pas un rabbin du consistoire ? Le problème de la création d’une synagogue noire ne réside-t-il pas plutôt dans l’organisation qui sera mise en place ? organisation qui devra positionner son judaïsme par rapport au consistoire et ces coutumes par rapport aux autres communautés de France. Sincèrement, je ne sais pas si cette synagogue verra le jour. Je ne sais pas si les juifs noirs oserons la fréquenter, dans un premier temps, de peur d’être pris pour des déserteurs de leur communauté respective. Cependant, il existe des associations comme Juifs et Africains (JUAF) ou la Fraternité Judéo-Noire (FJN). Ces associations ne sont-elles pas le témoignage d’un besoin de reconnaissance des juifs noirs en France ? Ne sont-elles pas aussi les signes d’un besoin d’expression de la pluralité du de l’être juif ? Ne permettent-elles pas à certains juifs noirs de participer activement à la vie associative juive dans un soucis de renforcement du mieux être des juifs noirs ? Aujourd’hui, j’ai 28 ans. Quand je me rend à la synagogue d’Argenteuil, à la synagogue des Ulis ou à la synagogue de Montmartre, je n’ai plus cette boule au ventre qui m’empêchait d’entrer dans les synagogues. Aujourd’hui, je ne suis plus une curiosité dans ces synagogues, mais pourtant... arrive le moment crucial où je souhaite fonder ma famille. Une famille juive. Mais en face de moi, les coutumes se dressent alors au delà de cette religion que je partage dans chacune des communautés que j’ai embrassées. Et je sais quelle réconfort j’aurais si la famille Mpindu, la famille Ovonogo, et les familles de mes amis Edouard, d’Emmanuel, de Gillles étaient de temps en temps, ne serait-ce que pendant les fêtes, avec moi. Ces obstacles dressés par les différences me rappellent ces moments douloureux où, militant à l’UEJF, président de section, membres du staff national, membre d’une commission du CRIF et membre du bureau de ma synagogue, j’espérais crier ma judéité sur le toit des synagogues et des associations juives pour me sentir, enfin, reconnu. Dans ces moments là, je me sentais publiquement fort, parce que peu à peu reconnu aux yeux de la communauté, mais intimement faible, parce que les coutumes limitaient la portée des relations que je contractais, dès qu’elles dépassaient le stade de l’amitié. C’est aussi le moment où j’ai compris comment un amour impossible avait pousser un candidat à la conversion, noir, au suicide. Je prie pour qu’un tel événement n’ait plus sa place en France. J’espère donc que la création d’une synagogue noire permettra plus que la reconnaissance des juifs noirs auprès des communautés blanche : j’espère surtout qu’elle permettra aux juifs noirs de France d’accéder à un mieux être dans leur vie culturelle, cultuelle et privée. Yosef |
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